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1.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 83(4): 243-256, oct-dic 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1180990

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enfermedad causada por el coronavirus 2 asociado al síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), se conoce formalmente como Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Su principal foco de infección es el sistema respiratorio, pero se han descrito también manifestaciones neurológicas. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 en el hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, empleando los registros médicos electrónicos de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID -19 y dados de alta durante el periodo Abril-agosto 2020. Se clasificaron a los pacientes como portadores de manifestaciones neurológicas del sistema nervioso central y periférico. Resultados: De 1122 pacientes, 354 (31,5%) presentaron alguna manifestación neurológica, en tanto que 26,9% mostraron síntomas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) y 8,4% del sistema nervioso periféricos (SNP). El síntoma más frecuente del SNC fue cefalea (19,7%) y como patologías: encefalopatía (4,7%), el ataque cerebrovascular isquémico (2,7%), crisis epiléptica sintomática aguda (0,5%), hemorragia cerebral (0,4%), encefalitis (0,2%). Dentro de las manifestaciones del SNP predominaron mialgia (3,4%), anosmia (3,1%), disgeusia (2,9%) y, como patologías, rabdomiólisis (1,3%) y polirradiculoneuropatía aguda (0,3%). La tasa de letalidad alcanzó el 32,7% con un OR de 1,4. Conclusiones: Pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 pueden presentar sintomatología neurológica como la descrita en el presente estudio, y sus manifestaciones deben ser consideradas en la atención oportuna e integral de los casos.


SUMMARY The disease caused by coronavirus 2 associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is formally known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its main focus is the respiratory system, but neurological manifestations have also been described. Objective: To describe the neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins hospital. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, using the electronic medical records of COVID-19 hospitalized and discharged during the April-August 2020 period. The patients were classified as carrying neurological manifestations of the central and peripheral nervous system. Results: Of 1122 patients, 354 (31.5%) had some neurological manifestation while 26.9% showed symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS), and 8.4% of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Among the CNS manifestations, the most frequent symptom was headache (19.7%), and as pathologies: encephalopathy (4.7%), ischemic stroke (2.7%), acute symptomatic seizure (0.5%), cerebral hemorrhage (0,4%), encephalitis (0.2%). From the PNS manifestations, myalgia (3.4%), anosmia (3.1%) and dysgeusia (2.9%) predominated and, as pathologies, rhabdomyolysis (1.3%) and acute polyradiculoneuropathy (0.3%). The fatality rate reached 32.7% with an OR of 1.4. Conclusions: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection can present neurological symptoms as those described in the present study, manifestations that should be considered in their timely and integrated care.

2.
Acta méd. peru ; 37(1): 54-73, ene.-mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141974

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud. Materiales y métodos: se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 8 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en Medline y Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials durante el 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y el flujograma de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 128-IETSI-ESSALUD-2019. Resultados: la presente GPC abordó 8 preguntas clínicas, divididas en cuatro temas: tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento, soporte y rehabilitación. En base a estas preguntas se formularon 28 recomendaciones (8 fuertes y 20 condicionales), 38 puntos de buena práctica clínica, 1 nota de implementación y 2 flujogramas. Conclusión: el presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud.


ABSTRACT Objective: to provide evidence based clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of the acute stage of ischemic cerebrovascular accident in EsSalud. Materials and methods : a group for producing the guideline was conveyed, including specialized physicians and methodologists. The group prepared 8 clinical questions to be answered by the guideline. Systematic searches of previous reviews were performed, and - when it was deemed necessary - primary studies in Medline and the Cochrane Controlled Registry of Trials for 2018 were reviewed. Evidence was selected aiming to respond each one of the proposed clinical questions. Certainty of the evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work sessions, the group used GRADE methodology for reviewing the evidence and generated recommendations, good clinical practice items, and designed flow charts for both diagnosis and therapy. Finally, the guide was approved with the decree N° 128-IETSI-ESSALUD-2019. Results : this clinical practice guideline focused in 8 clinical questions, which were divided into four topics: screening, diagnosis, therapy, support and rehabilitation. On the basis of these questions, 28 recommendations were formulated (8 strong and 20 conditional), 38 items for good clinical practice, 1 implementation note, and 2 flow charts. Conclusion : this paper summarizes both evidence based methodology and conclusions from a new clinical practice guide for diagnosis and therapy of the acute stage of a cerebrovascular accident in EsSalud.

3.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 87(1): 20-25, ene. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154267

ABSTRACT

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la permanencia del dispositivo intrauterino TCu 380A insertado después de algún procedimiento obstétrico efectuado a pacientes atendidas en el Hospital General Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y descriptivo efectuado en pacientes que concluyeron el embarazo entre el 1 de octubre de 2016 y el 31 de marzo de 2017, en el Hospital General Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso y que aceptaron se les colocara el dispositivo intrauterino TCu 380A después de algún procedimiento obstétrico y antes de darlas de alta del hospital. Variables de estudio: cantidad de embarazos, terminación de estos, médico responsable de la colocación, técnica y permanencia. El análisis estadístico implementado fue el univariado. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 182 pacientes con media de edad de 23 años y límites de 14 y 43 años. En el seguimiento de la permanencia del dispositivo 42.3% (n = 77) se encontró in situ, 28.5% (n = 52) en mala posición, y 0.55% (n = 1) lo expulsó. CONCLUSIONES: La permanencia del dispositivo intrauterino parece tener una relación estrecha con la forma correcta de insertarlo y, desde luego, con la experiencia acumulada del médico. En las primeras inserciones el médico debe ser supervisado por otro de mayor experiencia o, simplemente, con la vigilancia de los médicos adscritos.


Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the permanence of the TCu 380A IUD inserted after the obstetric event in the Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in patients who concluded their pregnancy, between October 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017, at the Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso General Hospital (Oaxaca, Mexico) and who accepted the placement of the TCu 380A intrauterine device during the postpartum period. and before discharge from the hospital. Study variables: number of pregnancies, termination of these, doctor responsible for the placement, technique and permanence. The statistical analysis implemented was univariate. RESULTS: The study was conducted in 182 patients with a mean age of 23 years, a minimum of 14 years and a maximum of 43 years. In the monitoring of the permanence of the IUD TCu 380A with 42.31% (77) was found in situ, 28.57% (52) in poor position, and 0.55% (1) was expelled. CONCLUSIONS: The permanence of the intrauterine device seems to have a close relationship with the correct way to insert it and, of course, with the accumulated experience of the doctor. In the first insertions the doctor must be supervised by another one of greater experience or, simply, with the surveillance of the assigned doctors.

4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 30: 103-109, nov. 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1021917

ABSTRACT

Background: Small ribonucleic acids represent an important repertoire of mobile molecules that exert key roles in several cell processes including antiviral defense. Small RNA based repertoire includes both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) molecules. In the Prunus genus, sharka disease, caused by the Plum pox virus (PPV), first occurred on European plum (Prunus domestica) and then spread over among all species in this genus and thus classified as quarantine pathogen. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used for the study of siRNA/miRNA molecules; however, NGS relies on adequate extraction protocols. Currently, knowledge of PPV-Prunus interactions in terms of siRNA populations and miRNA species is still scarce, and siRNA/miRNA extraction protocols are limited to species such as peach, almond, and sweet cherry. Results: We describe a reliable procedure for siRNA/miRNA purification from Prunus salicina trees, in which previously used protocols did not allow adequate purification. The procedure was based on a combination of commercially available RNA purification kits and specific steps that yielded high quality purifications. The resulting molecules were adequate for library construction and NGS, leading to the development of a pipeline for analysis of both siRNAs and miRNAs in the PPV­P. salicina interactions. Results showed that PPV infection led to altered siRNA profiles in Japanese plum as characterized by decreased 24-nt and increased 21- and 22-nt siRNAs. Infections showed miR164 and miR160 generation and increased miR166, miR171, miR168, miR319, miR157, and miR159. Conclusion: We propose this protocol as a reliable and reproducible small RNA isolation procedure for P. salicina and other Prunus species.


Subject(s)
RNA, Plant/isolation & purification , MicroRNAs/isolation & purification , RNA, Small Interfering/isolation & purification , Prunus domestica/genetics , Plant Diseases/virology , Plum Pox Virus/physiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prunus domestica/immunology , Prunus domestica/virology
5.
Rev. salud pública ; 9(4): 516-528, oct.-dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-472266

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de violencia intrafamiliar correspondiente a estudiantes de colegios de Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia. Material y métodos: La muestra está conformada por 3 226 alumnos de educación básica y media, de grados sexto a once, de colegios oficiales de la localidad Ciudad Bolívar de Bogotá. Los datos obtenidos a través de la aplicación de una encuesta, en la que se estableció su percepción de la violencia en sus hogares, fueron analizados estadísticamente utilizando SPSS 14.0. Resultados: un alto porcentaje de estudiantes tiene dificultades en los procesos de comunicación con sus padres y siente rechazo y falta de amor de algunos de los miembros de su hogar. Un 28,4 por ciento de los encuestados, 915 alumnos, son victimas de más de 20 de las situaciones de violencia y un 35 por ciento de los estudiantes encuestados tienen ambientes familiares caracterizados por altos niveles de violencia. El porcentaje de alumnos que afirman ser maltratados físicamente depende del grado escolar, presentándose los más altos porcentajes en grados 7 y 8. Conclusiones: La comunidad estudiantil de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar, en Bogotá, Colombia está afectada por un alto número de situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar.


Objective: Determining levels of intra-family violence associated with students attending schools in Ciudad Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 3 226 students from the 6th to 11th grades attending state schools located in Ciudad Bolivar in Bogotá. The data was collected from a survey in which the students' perception of violence in their homes was determined; data was statistically analysed by using SPSS 14.0. Results: A high percentage of students had difficulty in communicating with their parents and felt rejected and a lack of love from some of the members in their homes. 28,4 percent of those surveyed (915 students) had been victims of more than 20 of the violent situations; 35 percent of the students in the sample had a family atmosphere characterised by high levels of violence. The percentage of students who stated that they had been physically mistreated depended on their education level; the highest percentages being presented in the 7th and 8th grades. Conclusions: The middle- and upper-school student community in Ciudad Bolivar in Bogotá, Colombia, is affected by many situations concerning intra-family violence.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Domestic Violence/psychology , Family/psychology , Students/psychology , Colombia , Schools
6.
Parasitol. día ; 25(1/2): 50-54, ene.-jun. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300177

ABSTRACT

La revisión de fichas clínicas del año 1999 en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, permitió pesquisar 40 casos con diagnóstico principal al egreso de megacolon, fecaloma, obstrucción intestinal o acalasia. En un solo caso de megacolon pesquisado ese año, se confirmó la etiología chagásica mediante serología convencional anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. La baja incidencia en esta casuística es debida a que este servicio hospitalario es una zona de baja endemia chagástica, a falencias en los registros y a la falta de sospecha clínica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease , Megacolon , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Megacolon , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Patient Discharge , Retrospective Studies , Trypanosoma cruzi
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